In vivo evolution of antimicrobial resistance in a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection

The study investigates the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm lung infection. The mice were exposed to ciprofloxacin and showed a rapid development of AMR. Genetic analysis revealed mutations in nfxB, efflux pumps, and parS contributing to CIP resistance. The CIP-treated mice also exhibited an elevated inflammatory response, potentially causing the release of mutagenic reactive oxygen species and AMR. This highlights the complex relationship between infection, antibiotic treatment, and immune response.